visio divina: a practice of sacred seeing

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Visio divina, meaning “divine seeing,” is a spiritual practice that invites us to encounter the sacred through visual imagery. It is related to lectio divina, an ancient approach to scripture that involves slow, intentional reading, meditation, and prayer—allowing certain words or phrases to resonate deeply. In contrast, visio divina also encourages reflection, but on images such as photographs, icons, or artwork as a way to experience God’s presence.

This practice can be done alone, in a small group, or as part of worship, using a visual piece as a focal point for prayer. Pairing scripture with the image can further deepen the reflection, helping to engage both heart and mind. Like all contemplative practices, we are free to adapt the process to our own needs.

What is iconography?

Iconography, within the realm of religious art, refers to the study and interpretation of sacred imagery, focusing on the subjects depicted, their composition, symbolic details, and distinctive visual elements apart from artistic style. The term originates from the Greek words εἰκών (“image”) and γράφειν (“to write” or “to draw”). In the context of Byzantine and Orthodox Christian traditions, iconography specifically relates to the creation and study of religious images known as “icons.” Additionally, in religious art history, “an iconography” can describe a specific visual representation of a subject, including the arrangement of figures, gestures, and symbolic attributes. This type of art works well in visio divina, because there are often numerous interesting details to notice.

An overview of the steps:

Choose an image. This could be a photograph, painting, or religious icon. Many stained glass windows would also work well. Likewise, you could try using a scenic outdoor setting. Before getting started, it’s a good idea to take several deep breaths and find a comfortable position. Settle in to the moment and invite God’s presence and direction.
Gaze at the image, focusing on the first detail that catches your eye. Stay with this part of the image for a moment, breathing deeply. Sometimes what you first notice will be an emotion.
Expand your view to take in the entire image. Observe it carefully, noticing all its elements.
Reflect on these questions: What emotions arise? What thoughts or memories come to mind? Does this image draw you into prayer? If so, take time to express those prayers, either silently or in writing. Talk to God about what you’ve noticed and how it has made you feel.
Conclude with a moment of silent prayer, offering your reflections to God and listening for God’s direction. Rest in the moment for a while and trust that the Holy Spirit is working.

the angel Gabriel icon in the background with the visio divina steps in the text overlay — The image links to a free printable pdf. The angel Gabriel is pictured in the background.

Examples of images to use in visio divina

Landscapes

a vineyard with a heart-shaped road (left) and a sunset far beyond a large tree (right)

Beauty in nature often turns my thoughts to the divine, so it makes sense to me to use images featuring scenery. If you’re interested, try running through the reflective steps with these outdoor images. What do you notice first? What draws your eye? Are you moved by the neatness and order of the rows of plants in the vineyard? What does the shape of the road say to you? What do you notice about the building in the distance? How about the sunset picture with the large tree in the foreground? Do you notice the wispy clouds or the sun’s rays? What about the mountains in the distance? The grasses at the base of the tree? The leaves on the tree and the shape of the trunk? Different things may strike you at different times.

Icon paintings

the creation story (left) and Mary (right)

Icon paintings were created with layers of symbols. In both of these paintings, pay attention to the placement of figures. The way they hold their hands. The color and drape of the clothing and any embellishment. Facial expressions. The directions of their gazes. The halos. The look of the plants and flowers. On the painting featuring creation, what do you notice about the animals? What about the incredible detail in the sky? The terrain and the look of the water? I find it fascinating to contemplate the detail in these images.

Regardless of the type of art you choose, be sure to invite God’s presence and spend time listening.

Maybe you’ll find an inspiring stained-glass window or an interesting view out your own window. The possibilities are endless! I’d be interested to hear what you try. The important thing is to turn to God through your reflections. Invite God’s presence in your musing. Tell God your thoughts. And listen for guidance.

If you find visio divina meaningful, consider exploring Sight Psalms, a daily online collection of images designed to inspire spiritual reflection. Each day features a new photograph with a short reflection connecting visual art with themes from the Christian year and inviting deeper awareness of God’s presence.